Introduction

The word Kubernetes (κυβερνήτης comes from Greek and means “helmsman” or “pilot” or “governor”, and is the etymological root of cybernetics).

Dedicated servers are easy to maintain and each application can communicate directly with any other application.

Virtualized servers allow multiple servers (VM) to run on one hardware with good security separation. Virtualization allows faster response and allocation of different hardware to applications that have a volatile load.

Containerized servers share some of the advantages of virtualized servers, but with less security in the separation of instances. The advantage is that there is only one operating system to manage, at the cost of running only similar applications. For example, it would be difficult (or impossible) to run 32-bit big endian applications together with 64-bit small endian and arm64 applications. Among the many advantages, containerized servers may suffer from less secure applications because the libraries are application dependent and are often managed not by experienced system administrators but by software engineers. However, this depends very much on the culture of the organization using the containerized server.

Some advantages of containerized servers are:

• Metrics on application level
• Rollbacks
• Applications are somewhat OS independent
• Resource isolation
• Resource utilization

History

Version	Date	Notes
0.1.3	2024-02-24	Fix image
0.1.2	2023-03-27	Improve writing, fix date
0.1.1	2022-05-09	+history; PDF: False (no Greek in Noto Sans CJK JP)
0.1.0	2021-05-21	Initial release

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• Last modified (via git): February 24, 2024
• Change to smaller picture and fix name schema (1f65d80f)
• 229 words